NATIVE AMERICANS
The Quileute Tribe

The Quileutes are originally from the west in Washington in the United States. They are also know as Quillayutes, for the moment they have a population of 750 people. After signing the Quinault Treaty in 1855, the Quileute people settled down at the Quileute Indian Reservation. the main population senter is the community of La Push, Washington. The population in La Push is 371 people, so almost all of the Quileutes live there. As a community they have their own government that rconsists of a tribal counsil. The current tribal counsil members are; Carol Hatch (chair), Tony Foste (vice-chair), DeAnna Hobson (secretary), and Anna Rose Counsell (treasurer).


quileute.jpg



Craftsmanship

The Quileute's were excellent boat makers, like many other tribes in the region, talented builders and craftsmen.Canoes for whaling, which could hold tons of cargo and many men, were some of the things they could make. They had cedar canoes ranging in size; from small boats that could hold two people to gaint vessels up to 58 meters long and capable of holding up to 6,000 pounds. Today, when making Clipper Ship's, they still uses a design very much like the canoes the Quileute's used. The Quileute's used the resources from the mother nature to make tools and other items they needed. in the entire region there were almost nothing that weren't made out of wood. Necessities like utensils, clothing, weapon and paint were made from the natural resources available to them. Dog hair blankets and their woven baskets is something The Quileute Tribe is best know for. But they are also known as artist and craftsmen. To make their dog hair blankets they raised specially bred woolly dogs for their hair, which they spun and wove into blankets. Their baskets were so tight woven that they could hold water, in some of them they could boil the water. Other examples of their incredible craftmanship are their waterproof skirts and hats. An important ingredient is using cedar, so it can shield against the heavy rainfall in the region.

Beliefs

Their beliefs have changed over time. Originally, they were a very spiritually people. If the boys wanted to, they could go on a quest to find their supernatural power, when reached puberty. At a certain age, the power would wear off. A very strong belief amongst them is that every person has their own guardian angel/protector, that they would pray to, along with the sun and Tsikáti (the universe). After the Europeans came they have lost and forgotten much of their original religion. One thing that has played an important part in all aspects of Quileute beliefs and culture is James Island, an visible island from First Beach, originally called "A-Ka-Lat" (Top of the Rock). The island was used as a fortress to keep opposing tribes out and served as a burial ground for chiefs.

Language.


The Quileute tribe is probably most well known for their unique language. They speak a language, called Quileute or Quillayute, which is part of the Chimakuan family of languages. The Chimakum, who also spoke a Chimakuan language, called Chemakum, Chimakum, or Chimacum were the only other group of people to speak a language from this language family. The Chimakum were almost wiped out in an encounter with Chief Sea'th'l (Seattle) and the Suquamish tribe in 1850, leaving them with only 90 people in 1855, and they were wiped out completely in 1860 in another encounter with Chief Sea'th'l and his tribe. Since the 1940s, the Chemakum language has died out completely.
But the Quileute language is still in use today, though it is in danger of dying out. It is spoken by only tribal elders at La Push, and some of the Makah people. The Quileute language is different from any other spoken in the world. This is because it uses no nasal sounds. The language has no "m" or "n" nasal sounds. The words in Quileute were very long and could sometimes express ideas rather than only words. The Quileute used one word for "those are the people who think that I am the one who is going to Forks," but, the word, kitlayakwokwilkwolasstaxasalas, is hardly shorter than the sentence. The tribe is now trying to prevent the loss of the language by teaching it in the Quileute Tribal School using books written for the students by the tribal elders.

Relationship with the white settlers

The Quileute relationship with the white European and American settlers was similar to many other tribes' experiences. The first contact occurred in 1775 when a Spanish ship missed its landing and the Quileutes took them as slaves. Therefore, right from the start, the Quileutes were looked upon by Europeans as vicious. This happened again in 1787 with a British ship and in 1808 with a Russian ship. The first official negotiations with Americans occurred in 1855 when Isaac I. Stevens and the Quileute signed the Treaty of Olympia. It said that the Quileute people needed to relocate to the Quinault reservation.


WHAT DIFFERENT TRIBAL NAMES MEAN:

**The Milky Way**
Iroquois
Great Sky Road
Ojibway
Path of the Migrating Birds
Fox
White River
Cree
Ghost Road
Tahltan
Snowshoer's Trail
Tutchone
Flight of the Loon
Inuit
Raven's Snowshoe Tracks
Kwakiutl
Cannibal Pole
Snohomish
The River
Coeur d'Alene
Trail of the Dead
Klamath
The River
Paiute
The Dusty Trail
Shoshone
Ice Crystal Trail
Shasta
Devil Trail
Tipai
Night's Backbone
San Ildefonso
Endless Trail
Zuni
The Monster's Entrails
Navajo
Awaits the Dawn
Apache
The Scattered Stars
Maricopa
Spiderweb
Pima
Flour and Ash
Pawnee
Bright Stretch Across
Lakota
Spirit Path
Dakota
Trail of Bubbles
Cheyenne
Hanging Road
Cherokee
Dog Trail
Choctaw
Spirit Road

**Orion's Belt**
Cree
Three Chiefs
Inuit
Steps in a Snowbank
Tlingit
Men in a Line
Yakut
Three Babies
Cochiti
Pot-Rest
Hopi
Strung Together
Omaha
Goose Foot
Isleta
The Fawns
Apache
Three Vertebrae

**Cassiopeia**
Inuit
Stones Supporting Lamp
Quileute
Elk Skin
Chumash
Land of Windows
Zuni
Zig Zag
Navajo
She who revolves
Pima
Spider
Pawnee
Rabbit

**Corona Borealis**
Iroquois
Bear's Den
Shawnee
Celestial Sisters
Omaha
Brothers
Delaware
Bear's Head
Tipai
Hand
Tewa
Meal Drying-Bowl
Havasupai
Hoop
Pawnee
Chief Council
Blackfoot
Spiderman's Lodge
Cheyenne
Old Camp


**The North Star**
Iroquois
Star that does not move
Cree
Guide of the People
Kootenai
Grizzly Bear
Paiute
Mountain Sheep
Pomo
Eye of the Creator
Yakut
Sky Coyote
Cahuilla
Pretty Woman
Luiseño
Sky Chief
Navajo
Star on Top
Apache
Not-Walking Star
Pawnee
Star that does not walk
Lakota
Star that stands still
Crow
Old Woman's Grandchild
Assiniboine
North Star

**The Big Dipper**
Iroquois
The Bear and The Hunters
Ojibway
Fisher Stars
Tahltan
Grandfather Stars
Tutchone
Big-Headed Man
Inuit
Giant Caribou
Snohomish
Great Elk
Wasco
Wolf Brothers
Klamath
The Loons
Shoshone
Rabbit Net
Pomo
The Cane
Monache
Seven Boys
Isleta
The Cradle
Navajo
One who revolves
Walapai
Catcus Hook
Pawnee
Stretcher
Cochiti
The Sheild Stars
Crow
Brothers with a girl
Arapaho
Bison Bulls
Cherokee
Lost Hunters
Choctaw
The Canoe

**Pleiades**
Iroquois
Dancers
Delaware
Holy Men
Carrier
Caribou
Inuit
Sharing Foxes
Haida
Brothers in a boat
Salish
Crying Children
Paiute
Coyote's Daughters
Wiyot
People in a boat
Shasta
Raccoon's Children
Luiseño
Hearts of the First People
Chumash
Wise Men
Zuni
Seeds
Cheyenne
Puppies
Blackfoot
Lost Children

**Scorpius**
Ipai
Boy with Bow and Arrow
Navajo
Rabbit Tracks
Pima
Earth Healer
Pawnee
Swimming Ducks
Maricopa
Scorpion



**Aurora Borealis**
**Kwakiutl**
Dancing human and animal spirits, especially those of deer, seals, salmon and Beluga whales.
**Fox**
The ghosts of slain enemies who are restless for revenge. They are trying to rise from the dead and attack.
**Inuit**
Spirits of the dead playing ball with a Walrus skull.
**Nunivak**
Walrus spirits playing ball with a human skull.
**Ammassalik**
The spirits of children who died at birth. The dancing of the children around in a circle causes the moving streamers and draperies.
**Algonquin**
Nanahbozho, creator of the Earth, traveled to the north and built large fires, of which the lights are reflections, to remind people that he still thinks of them.
**Menominee**
Torches used by friendly giants in the north, to attract the fish that they spear at night.
**Mandan**
Fires over which the warriors of northern nations simmer their dead enemies in enormous pots.
**Makah**
Fires in the far north. A tribe of dwarves, half the length of a canoe paddle but so strong they catch whales with their bare hands, boil blubber over the fires.